



Overall
This is a documentary about video games and their effects on school shootings. School shootings have been one of the serious crimes America is facing today.
For recent incidents, so far there have been 5 shootings on school ground in 2008.
In 2007, a student killed 33 people at Virginia Tech, which became the deadliest shooting in the history.
Another publicized incident happened in 1999. Two Columbine High School students killed 12 of their peers and a teacher, leaving 24 others injured, before committing suicides themselves. Columbine was surely the most infamous school massacre, but it wasn't the first one.
In 1966, Charles Whitman from the University of Texas went on a shooting rampage from the observation deck of the school building.
Major Shootings and its aftermath
Each of these incidents killed 15 or more people and wounded twenty or more. The three incidents are considered as some of the most violent shootings in U.S. History.
A questions on stereotypes
Since the first incident in 1966, there were 46 notable shootings, 36 of which became publicized in the media. In total, these shootings resulted in the deaths of 333 students and faculty members.
Many discussions were brought up about the killers. The media has targeted certain forms and figures of entertainment as cause for the killings. We, as the public, became very familiarized with these stories and formed general opinions and stereotypes about them. One of the more popular stereotypes is the connection between video games and the killers. How much has violent media effected the shooters?
Introduction to the main issue - Video games, Musicians and the shootings
Since Michael Carneal's Heath High School shooting, many news reporters have cited video games and films as the cause. Activist and former attorney Jack Thompson has criticized several video games, and filed lawsuits against numerous producers and game developers. Thompson argues that violent games have been used as “murder simulators” to rehearse the planned school massacres. According to him, in every school shooting, the kids who pull the trigger are video gamers. Thompson and many news reporters attacked video games for desensitizing younger gamers, and training them to become brutal killers.
List of media reports of school shooters with a history of video games:
Seung Hui Cho - Counter-Strike
Eric Harris & Dylan Klebold – Doom and Wolfenstein 3D
Michael Carneal – Doom, Quake and Mortal Kombat
Evan Ramsey – Doom (“Doom made me do it.”)
Steve Kazmierczak – Counter-Strike
The Washington Post reported that Seung Hui Cho enjoyed playing Counter-Strike. The Northwestern Herald and the New York Post stated that Steve Kazmierczak also played Counter-Strike. Eric Harris created his own “Harris Level” on Doom and shared it online. Marilyn Manson became public enemy number one due to his influence on the Columbine massacre. Michael Carneal was another school shooter who played Doom.
Evan Ramsey and the video games
In 2007, school shooter Evan Ramsey did an interview with Anderson Cooper titled, "In The Mind of a Killer," in which he blamed Doom for his actions. During the interview, Evan Ramsey revealed he had lost his sense of reality due to excessive amount of video gaming.
Interview with Anderson Cooper, CNN Transcript
COOPER: Let's just start from the day. How long in advance -- when did you start planning it? How long in advance of the shooting did you actually seriously start planning it?
EVAN RAMSEY, CONVICTED SCHOOL SHOOTER: About two weeks.
COOPER: What was the initial thought? I mean, when you first thought of it, what was the idea?
RAMSEY: I told myself I have to do something to get everybody to leave me alone. The first thing -- that thought that came to mind, and I took it and ran with it.
COOPER: To leave you alone because they had been picking on you?
RAMSEY: Yes.
COOPER: How were they picking on you?
RAMSEY: I have gotten beat up. I have been spit on, and I have been called names. I have had things thrown at me.
COOPER: When you walked into the school in the morning with that gun, did you have a list in your head of who you wanted to get, who you wanted to kill?
RAMSEY: There was a list of people that I wanted to shoot at. Keep in mind that I didn't understand how life worked at the time. I didn't know that, when you shoot somebody, they don't just get back up.
COOPER: What do you mean?
RAMSEY: I did not understand that if I -- like using myself in using an example, if I pull out a gun and shoot you, there's a good chance that you're not getting back up. You're going to bleed to death and die either right there or on the way to the hospital. And that part of reality didn't click, for whatever reason.
COOPER: I don't know. I think it's just probably hard for some people to believe that you didn't know, you know, dead is dead.
RAMSEY: I -- I based a lot of my knowledge solely on video games.
You shoot a guy in "Doom," and he gets back up. You have got to shoot the things in "Doom" eight or nine times before it dies. And I went with that concept on -- with -- from the video game and added it to life.
COOPER: What did it feel like to pull the trigger?
RAMSEY: I'm going to get what I want. These people -- I'm going to scare these people away. Nobody's going to pick on me. There won't be any more verbal or physical abuse from anybody.
COOPER: So, it felt like relief?
RAMSEY: Yes. There was great relief.
COOPER: What do you want people to know?
RAMSEY: What kids are going through, it's not that bad. I saw my treatment as so bad.
If I would have had somebody to sit down with and say, it's not that bad, you don't have to react this way, there's other means, that it might help somebody. It can always be worse, and it's always going to get better.
CBS News Report, 60 Minutes
Aside from Ramsey's apparent video game influence, there was another reason behind the shooting. In 2001, CBS News report, 60 Minutes, asked Ramsey, “Why did [you] decide to take a shotgun to school?
And Ramsey confesses, “My main objective of going into the high school was to check out, to commit suicide."
Before Ramsey became suicidal, he'd lived a tough life. When he was 7, his father was sent to jail, then his mother slipped into alcoholism. Ramsey and his siblings were shipped off to foster homes. Since the third grade, Ramsey has been through eleven foster homes, in which one of them he was sexually abused.
Psychiatrist Dr. John Smith, who examined Ramsey a few months after the murders, discovered that, following a lengthy depression, his first suicide attempt was at the age of 10. Ramsey's friend, Tiffany Gwinn, confirms the fact that he was depressed.
The focus of Ramsey's trial was domestic violence and mental instability. However, in an interview conducted a decade later after a shooting at SuccessTech Academy, Ramsey was suddenly very open about his relationship with video games, and the supposed influence they had had on his destructive actions.
Michael Carneal and video games
Shooter Michael Carneal was known to be a video game fanatic. Family members of his victims, lead by an attorney named Jack Thompson, filed a one hundred thirty million dollar lawsuit against Internet porn websites, video game developers, and producers of the 1995 film “The Basketball Diaries,” all of which were held responsible for the killer's actions. In the federal lawsuit Thompson claimed that video games trained Carneal to be a proficient killer and desensitized him to what he was doing.
The case was dismissed in 2001. The 6th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that it was "simply too far a leap from shooting characters on a video screen to shooting people in a classroom."
Seung Hui Cho and the video games
Another similar case was Seung Hui Cho's.
Insert NBC Interview of Jack Thompson 2:00
Charles Mesloh, Professor of Criminology at Florida Gulf Coast University, told NBC 2 News that he was shocked Cho could have killed 32 people with two handguns and an absence of expert training. When he heard Cho had killed 32, Mesloh immediately assumed that Cho must have used a shotgun or an assault rifle.
"I'm dumbfounded by the number of people he managed to kill with these weapons," said Mesloh, "The only thing I can figure is that he got close to them and he simply executed them." Mesloh said the killer performed like a trained professional, "He had a 60% fatality rate with handguns - that's unheard of given that 9 millimeters don't kill people instantly." Mesloh stated that the handguns Cho used, a Glock 19 semi-automatic pistol and Walther P22 semi-automatic pistol, were designed for "plinking at cans," not executing human beings.
Online news agency, Newsmax reports that “Virginia Tech mass murderer Seung Hui Cho honed his skill as a deadly marksman by playing violent video games.” The online source cites Washington Post Staff Writer, David Cho, who claims that “Several Korean youths who knew Seung Hui Cho from his high school days said he was a fan of violent video games, particularly a game called Counter-Strike.” Cho further states, “Playing these violent games can do more than help a player improve his skills, they can help transform him from a player to a killer, psychologists say.”
Seung Hui Cho / Counter-strike connection removal by Washington Post
Another online Columnist, Kyle Orland, posted an interesting finding on the previous article connecting Seung Hui Cho and Counterstrike. Orland was also aware of the Washington Post story. He discovered the online version of the same story was updated soon after, but without the portion of the article mentioning the Counterstrike connection. Orland followed up with David Cho of Washington Post, who was responsible for the original report. David Cho said the information was based on talks with high school acquaintances of Seung Hui Cho, who occasionally saw him playing during high school.
According to David Cho there was no solid proof that Seung Hui Cho continued playing Counterstrike throughout his university days. The killer's roommate reportedly witnessed him on the computer constantly writing, but never playing games. Additionally, David Cho claims that a group of Virginia Tech Counterstrike players he talked to had never heard of Seung Hui Cho, and that he hadn't ever attended any of the Counterstrike tournaments held on campus.
David Cho claims that “The Counterstrike connection was removed to make room for more recent, more relevant information.”
Here is a copy of the search warrant of Cho's personal belongings, obtained from CNN:
List:
Chain from top left closet shelf
Folding knife & combination padlock
Compaq computer from desktop
Assorted documents, notepads, writings from desktop
Combination lock
Dremel tool and case
Nine books, two notebooks, envelopes, from top shelf
Assorted books & pads from lower shelf
Compact discs from desktops
Items from desktop & drawers: winchester multi tool, 3 notebooks, mail, checks, credit card
Items from 2nd door: Kodak digital camera, Citibank statement
Two cases of compact discs from dresser top
Drive: Seagate: 80 Gb
Six sheets of green computer paper
Mirror with blue plastic housing
Dremel tool box with receipt
Dell Latitude service tag
On this list there are no video games, no video game consoles, no video game accessories – nothing at all video game-related in the killer’s room. The police obtained the killer's hard drives and CDs, but did not find any gaming software on them. What's more, there were no gaming consoles to be found in the entire dorm floor.
//
The List of articles:
Were video games to blame for massacre? By MSNBC
etc.
//
(Shows)
Jack Thompson's comments on Seung Hui Cho trained by video games.
Steve Kazmierczak and the video games
Steve Kazmierczak was another student connected to the game Counterstrike. According to the Northeastern Herald, Kazmierczak's roommates claimed that he would often play the game in question, but were quick to add that indulgence in this particular title is nothing unusual for dormitory halls.
In the eyes of media, another absurdity of their interpretation
Here's a headline from the New York Post: “College Killer Crazy for Vid Game.”
Similarities
Kazmierczak's case is very similar to that of Seung Hui Cho's: he was a student who'd endured a history of temporary mental illness in high school and had been treated at a psychiatric center. ((the Elk Grove Village Thresholds-Mary Hill House psychiatric center.)) ABC News reports that his behavior seemed to become more erratic in the weeks leading up to the shooting; it is believed he stopped taking his medication beforehand.
Possible withdrawal of prescription medicine, dependency of medicine / drastic change of behavior
Kazmierczak's girlfriend, Jessica Baty, confirmed that he was taking Xanax, an anti-anxiety medicine; Ambien, a sleep aid; and Prozac, an antidepressant, all of which were prescribed to him by a psychiatrist. Baty says that he stopped taking Prozac about three weeks prior to the shooting. She also claims that during their two-year relationship, she had never seen him display violent tendencies and expressed bewilderment over the cause of the rampage. She commented, "He was probably the nicest, most caring person ever."
Eric Harris & Dylan Klebold and video games
As mentioned earlier, Eric Harris & Dylan Klebold custom-made their own levels in Doom, and often played Wolfenstein 3D. However, many sources also reference the boys' fascination with the Oklahoma City Bombings. In both of their journal entries, Harris and Klebold often discussed the bombing and other violent events. Also included within their respective diaries were notes concerned with outdoing the Oklahoma City Bombing .
According to Dave Cullen of Slate Magazine, the “Columbine [shooting] was intended not primarily as a shooting at all, but as a bombing on a massive scale. If they hadn't been so bad at wiring the timers, the propane bombs they set in the cafeteria would have wiped out 600 people. ” Lead FBI Columbine investigator and clinical psychologist, Supervisory Special Agent Dwayne Fuselier, confirms that “Their vision was to create a nightmare so devastating and apocalyptic that the entire world would shudder at their power.”
As for the motives of killers, Fuselier and Michigan State University psychiatrist, Dr. Frank Ochberg, both state that “Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold were radically different individuals with vastly different motives and opposite mental conditions.” Klebold was hotheaded, but also depressive and suicidal, often blaming himself for his problems. Harris was sweet, well-spoken, and nice, but, according to psychiatrists, a genuine psychopath.
"Psychopaths are not disoriented or out of touch with reality, nor do they experience the delusions, hallucinations, or intense subjective distress that characterize most other mental disorders," writes Dr. Robert Hare, in Without Conscience, the seminal book on the condition. "Unlike psychotic individuals, psychopaths are rational and aware of what they are doing and why. Their behavior is the result of choice, freely exercised."
Notes from Harris's website.
"YOU KNOW WHAT I HATE!!!? Cuuuuuuuuhntryyyyyyyyyy music!!! . . .
"YOU KNOW WHAT I HATE!!!? People who say that wrestling is real!! . . .
"YOU KNOW WHAT I HATE!!!? People who use the same word over and over again! . . . Read a f---in book or two, increase your vo-cab-u-lary f*ck*ng idiots."
"YOU KNOW WHAT I HATE!!!? STUPID PEOPLE!!! Why must so many people be so stupid!!? . . . YOU KNOW WHAT I HATE!!!? When people mispronounce words! and they dont even know it to, like acrosT, or eXspreso, pacific (specific), or 2 pAck. learn to speak correctly you morons.
YOU KNOW WHAT I HATE!!!? STAR WARS FANS!!! GET A FaaaaaaRIGIN LIFE YOU BORING GEEEEEKS!
“These are the rantings of someone with a messianic-grade superiority complex, out to punish the entire human race for its appalling inferiority. It may look like hate, but it's more about demeaning other people.” --Dr. Robert Hare.
Even before the shooting, Harris' mental condition had been a thing of concern. He had been taking the antidepressant Zoloft, and toxicology reports confirmed that Luvox, another type of antidepressant, was in his system during the shooting.
Overall
Along with these five incidents, there is also no clear indication in the other 41 notable school shootings that video games had in any way been their direct cause.
But Jack Thompson would give you a different answer:
//Insert NBC Interview with Jack Thompson. “I know it's a theory. When does it apply to” “Well, he's a fourth year student in Virginia Tech.” “80 percent of college students are playing the video game.”
//
Comparison between video game sales and crime rate
It is easy to assume that the availability of video games has led to an epidemic of youth violence. But according to Federal Crime Statistics, the rate of violent crimes committed by juveniles in the United States is at a 30-year low. Several reports prove this fact: In the 2006 National Report from Juvenile Offenders and Victims, The Growth and Decline in Violent Crimes by juveniles between 1980 and 2004 reached its peak in 1994, then declined suddenly and drastically, and continued to do so until 2006. The University of Virginia, School of Education, which reports on Serious Violent Crime Rates in U.S. Schools, shows similar results: there was growth until 1994, and then a sharp decline that persisted until 2005.
While crime rates were declining, video game sales have risen considerably since 1990. Contrary to popular belief, the growth of the video game industry does not match up with the decline of the violent crimes in schools.
Opposite Reaction
Indeed, some of the school shooters were video gamers, but it is also a fact that 90 percent of boys and 40 percent of girls in the U.S. are video gamers. So, in reality, the majority of kids who play video games do not commit antisocial acts.
Some researchers find that people serving time for violent crimes typically consume less media before committing their crimes than the average person in the general population. MIT Professor, Henry Jenkins, states in his research article, Reality Bytes, that “The moral panic over violent video games is doubly harmful. It has led adult authorities to be more suspicious and hostile to many kids who already feel cut off from the system. It also misdirects energy away from eliminating the actual causes of youth violence and allows problems to continue to fester.”
Patrick Markey
Villanova University psychology professor Patrick Markey reveals his study on aggressive behavior linking to video games.
//
Insert Patrick Markey Interview
Patrick Markey says, “Cause aggression but very tiny.” “...vast majority of people are unaffected by it.”
//
End of it All
According to a 2001 U.S. Surgeon General's report, the strongest risk factors for school shootings centered on mental stability and the quality of home life, not media exposure.
A 2002 study by the U.S. Secret Service and the U.S. Department of Education reported that, “There is no accurate or useful ‘profile’ of students who engaged in targeted school violence.”
Interview of Dawn Anna, former head volleyball coach of Columbine High School, and a mother of murdered student from Columbine Massacre.
“People are blaming guns. They're blaming school security, [for] being a joke. They're blaming the media, for giving notoriety to murders, and not to the victims. But there are many many many different reasons that we have school shootings. And that's why it's a difficult problem to solve. It's not a single solution, which is the reason it's not gonna solve over night.”
Insert Patrick Markey
“Symptom of trouble. They're dong the shootings, because they're angry at life.” “It is the person's fault for the shootings.”
Through this research, it has become quite apparent that the journalistic practice of blaming video games for school violence is nothing other than the hunt for a solution that can usually be found within the household.